5 basic commands every puppy should learn

Dog training is not a question of dominance but of finding a shared language. The modern approach, based on positive reinforcement, has been proven to deliver more effective and longer-lasting results than punishment — and, what is more, it strengthens the trust between you and your dog. The principle is simple: reward the behaviour you want immediately with a treat, praise or play, and ignore or redirect the behaviour you do not want.

Before you begin, three basic principles are worth remembering. First: short, playful practice sessions (5–10 minutes a day) are worth more than one long, tiring session. Second: timing is critical — the reward must arrive within a second or two. Third: be consistent, and make sure every member of the family uses the same words.

1. SIT — this is the easiest, and it forms the basis of most other commands. Hold a treat in front of your dog's nose, then slowly raise it above its head. As its head tilts up, its bottom naturally lowers to the floor. The moment it sits, say the cue word (“sit”) and reward immediately. After a few repetitions it will sit on the word alone.

2. STAY — begin with a very short duration (1–2 seconds) and gradually increase the time and the distance, but only ever one of them at a time. Importantly: always return to your dog to reward it, rather than calling it out of the “stay” — otherwise it will learn that it pays to run to you instead.

3. COME (recall) — this command can save a life, which makes it the most important of all. In a cheerful, inviting tone say its name and the word “come”, and ALWAYS reward generously when it returns — even if it was slow or did not listen at first. Never punish your dog for coming back, or it will not come next time.

4. BED / PLACE — teach a fixed spot (such as a blanket or bed) to which you can send your dog. It is extremely useful when guests arrive, when you are eating, or when you simply need some calm. Lure your dog to the spot with a treat, reward it, then gradually increase the time it spends there.

5. LEAVE IT — this command can stop your dog from picking up something dangerous off the ground. Close a treat in your fist, and when your dog gives up trying to get it, reward it with a DIFFERENT treat from your other hand. This teaches it that “leave it” pays off better than the forbidden item.

Patience and consistency are the best trainers. If you get stuck, or your dog's behaviour worries you (for example aggression or severe anxiety), it is worth turning to a professional — and the MEDOX AI Dog Trainer feature is always on hand to give practical, positive advice. The MEDOX app also helps you find dog schools and trainers near you, complete with genuine reviews. See what MEDOX can do!